Dental and health aspects in the co-occurrence of Treacher Collins and Down syndromes: Case report.

The goal of this case report is to identify the dental care of a patient who has co-occurrence of Treacher Collins and Down syndromes. It is the third case reported in the literature and the first relating dental treatment under general anesthesia and multidisciplinary importance. It was necessary the child's nutritional assessment in this case. This case highlights the importance of individualizing therapeutic protocols, due to the behavioral aspects of patients with special needs, optimizing treatment results in a single session under general anesthesia. Oral health is closely related to overall health, and it is important for awareness that the whole influences the success of medical treatment.

Treating male infertility.

Most causes of male infertility are treatable, and the goal of many treatments is to restore the ability to conceive naturally. The process of spermatogenesis is essential for human reproduction. A simple sounding process is mediated by a variety of factors, including multiple hormonal influences. Fertility should be discussed with all patients at risk of gonadal failure due to treatment. Ideally, this discussion should be held by a fertility expert with special interest in fertility preservation. This mini review aims to provide the current status of male infertility, the fertility preservation options and the impact of stem cells in it today.

Alagille syndrome: Oral manifestations-A case report.

The Alagille syndrome (AGLS) is a rare condition, with few studies reported in the literature, especially in the field of dentistry. It consists of a disease involving many systemic problems and specific facial features. The liver and heart are the most intensely affected organs, and depending on the severity, it may be necessary to perform transplants. It is an autosomal dominant disease with a variable expressivity, and its prevalence is 1/100,000 live births. Dental findings are conflicting. Some authors claim that dental anomalies occur only in deciduous dentitions; however, there is evidence that permanent teeth can also be affected, as will be described in this paper, through a case report of a patient diagnosed with AGLS, who sought out the Dentistry service at Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, complaining of a strong stain in her teeth, severe dental crowding, and a facial appearance of prognathism.

SARS-COV-2 and Male Reproductive Health.

Critical challenges for the public and private health, research, and medical communities have been posed by the COVID-19 outbreak. Some of these challenges are related to the possible adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive health, and whether other potential modes of transmission may occur, such as sexual transmission. Moreover, concerns have been raised in terms of whether the COVID-19 outbreak may have an impact on fertility worldwide. In this study, we will discuss the origins of SARS-CoV-2. We will further describe its mechanism of action, diagnosis, symptoms, and potential effects on the male reproductive system.

Testicular sperm extraction in men with sertoli cell-only testicular histology - 1680 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To study the outcomes of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) among men with pure Sertoli cell-only histology identified during diagnostic testicular biopsy. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study involved 1680 cases of patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) diagnosed with pure Sertoli cell-only histology who underwent testicular biopsy with TESE in a reference center in Brazil by a single surgeon. Sperm retrieval rates (SSR) were the main outcome measure. RESULTS: Overall, 14.83% of patients with Sertoli cell-only had sperm retrieved with TESE in quantity that allowed the performance of ICSI. No differences were observed in SSR based on testis volume (<15 mL vs. <15 mL) or serum FSH level. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Sertoli cell-only histology can be counseled that they have some likelihood of sperm retrieval with TESE. Based on the findings, patients to be submitted to testicular biopsy for histologic analysis may be concomitantly prepared for ICSI with TESE in case sperm is available.

Insalubrity in speech therapy and audiology: a brief review / Insalubridade em fonoaudiologia: breve revisão

ABSTRACT Purpose: to expose in a brief discussion the questions about the insalubrity pertinent to speech therapists and audiologists' performance. Methods: a review of the Portal of Legislation of the Brazilian Federal Government about labor laws, health and health professionals was carried out. Results: according to NR-15, activities that are above the level of tolerance foreseen in the regulations are considered unhealthy activities, in which the performance of speech-language therapists and audiologists is directly related to the tolerance limits for biological agents. Conclusion: speech therapists and audiologists as well as several other health professionals present occupational risks in their work. The Brazilian legislation is broad, however, it is necessary to analyze these professionals more deeply with regard to their health.

RESUMO Objetivo: expor em uma breve discussão as questões sobre a insalubridade pertinentes a atuação do fonoaudiólogo. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão do Portal da Legislação do Governo Federal Brasileiro no que diz respeito às leis trabalhistas, a insalubridade e aos profissionais de saúde. Foram utilizados também, cartilhas e recomendações do Conselho Federal de Fonoaudiologia. Resultados: de acordo com a NR-15, são consideradas atividades insalubres as que se desenvolvem acima do nível de tolerância previstos na mencionada normativa, em que a atuação do fonoaudiólogo está diretamente relacionada aos limites de tolerância para agentes biológicos. Conclusão: o fonoaudiólogo, bem como diversos outros profissionais da área da saúde, apresenta riscos ocupacionais em sua atuação. A legislação brasileira é ampla, porém, destaca-se a necessidade de analisar com maior profundidade esses profissionais no que tange a saúde desses trabalhadores.

Do you know this syndrome? Leopard syndrome.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is known as Leopard syndrome, which is a mnemonic rule for multiple lentigines (L), electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities (E), ocular hypertelorism (O), pulmonary stenosis (P), abnormalities of genitalia (A), retardation of growth (R), and deafness (D). We report the case of a 12-year-old patient with some of the abovementioned characteristics: hypertelorism, macroglossia, lentigines, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, subaortic stenosis, growth retardation, and hearing impairment. Due to this set of symptoms, we diagnosed Leopard syndrome.

Uso da radiografia transcraniana para detectar alterações morfológicas no côndilo mandibular / Use of transcranial radiograph to detect morphological changes in mandibular condyles

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a acurácia das radiografias transcranianas (TRANS) convencionais na identificação das alterações morfológicas nos côndilos mandibulares. Métodos: a amostra consistiu em 36 côndilos mandibulares, obtidos a partir de 18 crânios secos humanos, aleatoriamente selecionados, sem identificação de idade, gênero ou etnia. Três especialistas em radiologia oral examinaram as TRANS para identificar possíveis alterações nos côndilos. Um quarto examinador realizou o exame macroscópico, que foi considerado o padrão ouro do estudo. As imagens das TRANS e os exames macroscópico foram classificados como (1) côndilos com alteração ou (0) côndilos sem alteração. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste X 2 e da curva ROC (receiver operator characteristic). O teste Kappa intra e interexaminadores foi realizado para os examinadores 1 a 3. Resultados: o teste X2 mostrou uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre as alterações no côndilo vistas nas imagens TRANS e a presença de alterações macroscópicas (p ( 0,05). A área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,83, com 96% de sensibilidade e 70% de especificidade. O valor Kappa para a concordância intraobservador foi de 0,78, enquanto que a concordância interexaminador foi de 0,71. Conclusão: o uso de radiografias transcranianas apresentou-se como método eficaz para a detecção de alterações morfológicas no côndilo mandibular.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the accuracy of conventional transcranial radiographs (TRANS) to identify morphological changes in mandibular condyles. Methods: the sample consisted of 36 mandibular condyles, obtained from 18, randomly selected, dried human skulls, without the identification of age, gender, or ethnicity. Three experts in dental radiology examined the TRANS to identify possible changes in the condyles. The fourth examiner performed the macroscopic examination, which was considered the gold standard of the study. The condyles in both TRANS images and macroscopic examinations were classified as mandibular condyles with change (1) or no change (0). Statistical analyses were performed using the X 2 and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kappa intra- and interobserver tests were performed for examiners 1 to 3. Results: the X2 test showed a statistically significant association between changes in the condyle in the TRANS images and the presence of macroscopic changes in the condyle (p ( 0.05). The area under the curve was 0.83, with 96% sensitivity and 70% specificity. The weighted kappa value for intraobserver agreement was 0.78, while the interobserver agreement was 0.71. Conclusion: the use of TRANS proved to be an effective method to detect morphological changes in the mandibular condyle.

Do you know this syndrome? Leopard syndrome

ABSTRACT Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is known as Leopard syndrome, which is a mnemonic rule for multiple lentigines (L), electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities (E), ocular hypertelorism (O), pulmonary stenosis (P), abnormalities of genitalia (A), retardation of growth (R), and deafness (D). We report the case of a 12-year-old patient with some of the abovementioned characteristics: hypertelorism, macroglossia, lentigines, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, subaortic stenosis, growth retardation, and hearing impairment. Due to this set of symptoms, we diagnosed Leopard syndrome.

Primary Occipital Encephalocele in an Elderly Patient.

The encephalocele is a condition characterized by the protrusion of the intracranial contents through a bone defect of the skull. The authors report a clinical case of an 80-year-old woman with primary occipital encephalocele on the right side and that was affected by trauma and presented liquor fistula and infection. Tomographic sections were obtained by injection intravenous of contrast. The images showed bone thickness thinning on the right occipital region and solution of continuity (encephalocele) with regular contours, reduction in brain volume, and hypodensity of the periventricular white substance were observed. The patient was successfully operated.

Racial and ethnic differences in assisted reproduction treatment outcomes: the benefit of racial admixture.

The goal of the present study was to determine whether racial and ethnic differences affect the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology in the Brazilian population. 1497 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were split into groups according to the patient's ethnicity: Caucasian (n = 2131), Mestizo (n = 358), Asian (n = 174), Black (n = 115) and Indian (n = 260). ICSI outcomes were compared among the groups. Body mass index was highest in the Black group, followed by the Mestizo, Indian, Caucasian and Asian groups (p > 0.001). The FSH dose (p > 0.001) was highest among Indians, followed by Asians and Caucasians, and the dose was lowest among Blacks and Mestizos. In contrast, the oocyte yield was highest among Mestizos, followed by Indians, Blacks and Caucasians, and lowest among Asians (p = 0.005). The fertilisation rate was highest among Mestizos, followed by Blacks, Indians and Caucasians, whereas Asians had the lowest fertilisation rate (p = 0.004). Pregnancy and implantation rates were also highest among Mestizos, followed by Blacks, Indians and Caucasians, whereas the Asian patients had the lowest rates (p = 0.008 and p > 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, our evidence suggests a possible beneficial effect of racial admixture on ICSI outcomes.

Região posterior da maxila: atualizando conceitos anatômicos com o avanço da tecnologia de superfícies. Relato de caso clínico / The posterior maxilla: An update of anatomical notions based on advances in endosseousimplant surface technology. A case report

Objetivo: desde o início da especialidade Implantodontia, o tratamento reabilitador por meio de implantes na região posterior de maxila foi considerado um grande desafio para o profissional. As limitações das técnicas e materiais empregados geraram conceitos errôneos, principalmente quanto às definições de classificações ósseas, criando um conceito de osso pobre, que condizia com o nível elevado de insucessos de tratamentos realizados com superfícies de implantes pouco evoluídas. Revisando a literatura a respeito da origem embriológica tecidual da maxila e sua anatomia, observa-se a grande capacidade regenerativa de ossos medulares que são ricos em células mesenquimais. Métodos: destaca-se, nesse relato de caso clínico, a falha de um implante de superfície maquinada, fixado por técnica de osteotomia em região de primeiro molar de maxila, que foi substituído por implante de superfície SLA (sand-blasted, large-grit, acid-etched), com acompanhamento de taxa de sobrevivência de cinco anos. Resultados: avaliações clínica e radiográfica, em períodos de revisão semestral, foram realizadas, demonstrando a estabilidade de osseointegração do implante e a biocompatibilidade tecidual, além da funcionalidade da prótese realizada. Conclusão: em associação à vasta literatura científica que mostra a evolução tecnológica das superfícies de implantes que estimulam a transformação das células mesenquimais em osteoblastos, gerando, com isso, a osseointegração em períodos curtos de tempo, podemos sugerir que a região posterior de maxila se transforma em uma proposta previsível e segura de reabilitação por implantes.

Objective: Fixed implant-supported rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla is a challenge to dental professionals. Limitationsof technique and material have established wrong concepts, especially with regard to bone classification. Forinstance, the concept of poor-quality bone has been associated with high rates of therapeutic failure because of implantswith poorly evolved surfaces. A literature review on the embryological origin of tissues and the anatomy of the maxillahighlight the high regenerative ability of trabecular bone, which is rich in mesenchymal cells. Methods: The presentreport describes a case of failure of a machined-surface implant placed by osteotomy at the maxillary first molar region.The implant was replaced by a sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched SLA surface with a six-year survival rate follow-up.Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed every six months. Results: Data revealed implant osseointegrationstability as well as tissue biocompatibility and prosthetic functionality. Conclusion: The literature on technicallyadvanced implant surfaces suggests that the posterior maxilla is a safe and predictable site for fixed implant-supportedrehabilitation.

Stylohyoid syndrome: surgical approach.

The best-known cervicopharyngeal pain is Eagle syndrome, in which symptomatic elongation of the stylomandibular process occurs and may be accompanied by stylohyoid ligament calcification. Among the causes of elongation of the styloid process, the following may be mentioned: history of trauma, styloid ligament calcification, and formation of bony tissue in the insertion of the styloid ligament. When there is no history of trauma or surgery, it is called the stylohyoid syndrome. In the current study, the clinical case of 34-year-old woman is reported, complaining of pain in the region of the neck, without any history of neck surgery or trauma. A panoramic radiograph and computed tomographic scan showed bilateral elongation of the styloid process. Extraoral surgical intervention was the treatment of choice. It is important to point out that dentists should be aware of this condition to contribute to a better diagnosis and therapeutic procedure.

Spermatic feasibility after 20 years of freezing and refreezing: case study

The aim of the present work was to study the spermatic feasibility after 20 years of freezing, thawing and refreezing. A young man affected by testicular cancer sought the sperm freezing service. After 20 years, the samples were thawed and frozen again. After two days, thawing and analysis of the material took place. Comparison of the findings showed activity reduction from the first thawing to the fresh semen 59.09 percent. For the second thawing it was 77.27 percent. Considering the morphology, first thawing showed a reduction of 44.64 percent in relation to fresh semen. In the second thawing, the reduction was of 75 percent. Spermatic motility decreased by 64.28 percent in relation to fresh semen and 92.85 percent at the level of second thawing. The patient had gone through in vitro fertilization in 2007, obtaining success in the first one attempt.

Este trabalho mostra a viabilidade espermática após 20 anos de congelamento seminal, descongelamento e novo congelamento. Jovem do sexo masculino afetado por câncer testicular procurou o serviço para congelamento de espermatozóides. Após vinte anos, as amostras foram descongeladas e congeladas novamente. Após dois dias, realizou-se um novo descongelamento e análise do material. As comparações dos resultados mostraram uma redução da atividade do primeiro descongelamento ao semen fresco em 59,09 por cento. A partir do segundo descongelamento era de 77,27 por cento. Considerando a morfologia, o primeiro descongelamento mostrou uma redução de 44,64 por cento em relação ao sêmen fresco. No segundo descongelamento, a redução foi de 75 por cento. A motilidade espermática diminuiu 64,28 por cento em relação ao semen fresco e 92,85 por cento a nível do segundo descongelamento. O paciente passou por fertilização in vitro em 2007, obtendo sucesso na primeira tentativa.

Avaliação de parâmetros editoriais de algumas publicações brasileiras em Odontologia / Editorial parameters evaluation of some Brazilian publications in Dentistry

O estudo objetivou conhecer o perfil de algumas publicações brasileiras da área de Odontologia. Foramselecionados, aleatoriamente, fascículos de revistaspublicadas no período de janeiro de 1995 a dezembrode 2004. Foram analisados 255 números, como total de 1.071 artigos publicados, considerando-seos seguintes aspectos: data de publicação, instituiçãoque gerou a publicação, número de autores, participaçãode acadêmicos ou bolsistas de iniciação científica,especialidade odontológica do artigo, financiamento,categoria da publicação, envolvimento deseres humanos e aspectos éticos. Os resultados mostraramque a maioria das publicações está relacionadaà área geográfica de influência da cidade-sede da revista.A maioria dos artigos era original, a maior parteconstituída por estudos epidemiológicos retrospectivos.De maneira geral, observou-se que as normas editoriais nem sempre foram totalmente seguidas

Bases para criopreservação de espermatozóides / Basis for cryopreservation of spermatozoa

O artigo oferece uma atualização do presente estágio da tecnologia, praticabilidade e limites da crio preservação de espermatozoides humanos. Dessa forma, a crio preservação de sêmen representa uma prevenção, uma opção concomitante aos pacientes oncológicos que necessitam de uma oportunidade de manter sua capacidade reprodutiva.

This paper provides a review of the present state of technology, practibility, and limits of cryopreservation of human spermatozoa. Thus cryopresrvation of semen represents a preventive, concomitant therapeutic option in oncological patients that offers the chance to maintain reproductive abilities.